Which of the following is an indicator of effective water management?

Maintaining balanced soil moisture is a key indicator of effective water management because it reflects the ability to provide plants with the right amount of water they need for optimal growth without excess flooding or water stress. Effective water management ensures that soil moisture levels are adequate for sustaining healthy plant life, which enhances crop yields and contributes to sustainable agricultural practices. Properly managing soil moisture can lead to improved crop health, better nutrient uptake, and increased resilience against drought or waterlogging.

In contrast, frequent flooding indicates poor water management practices, as it can lead to erosion, nutrient leaching, and roots that are oxygen-starved. Complete irrigation dependence suggests a lack of effective rainwater harvesting or natural moisture retention, making farms vulnerable to drought. High evaporation rates are also detrimental, as they can signify water loss that does not benefit crop production, ultimately leading to water scarcity issues.