What is soil erosion?

Soil erosion refers specifically to the removal of the top layer of soil, which is often the most fertile and nutrient-rich layer, due to the actions of wind, water, or human activities. This process can significantly reduce soil quality, impacting agricultural productivity and leading to various environmental issues such as loss of habitat, increased sediment in water bodies, and decline in soil health. Unlike soil formation, which is a natural process that creates soil over long periods, or the replenishment of nutrients, which involves the addition of organic matter back into the soil, soil erosion is a destructive process that depletes the topsoil rather than building it up. Understanding soil erosion is critical for effective land management and conservation practices aimed at maintaining soil health and sustainability.