What is known as the "universal solvent" because it can dissolve a variety of different substances?

Water is known as the "universal solvent" due to its unique molecular structure and properties that allow it to dissolve more substances than any other liquid. Its polar nature, characterized by a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom, enables it to interact effectively with various ionic and polar compounds. This allows substances such as salts, sugars, acids, and gases to dissolve in water readily.

Additionally, water's ability to form hydrogen bonds further enhances its solubility characteristics, making it essential in biological, chemical, and environmental processes. This property is crucial for various applications, including agriculture, where water acts as a medium for nutrient transport in soil moisture and plant uptake. While the other substances listed may have some dissolving capabilities, none match water's extensive ability to dissolve a wide array of materials, hence solidifying its reputation as the universal solvent.